The foundation of Commercial Law is based on commercial enterprises.

Commercial Law encompasses all legal relations and matters arising from commercial activities. In Turkish law, the primary source regulating commercial law is the Turkish Commercial Code No. 6102, which was published in the Official Gazette dated February 14, 2011, No. 27846, and entered into force on July 1, 2012. The Code is structured into six main books:

• Book One – Commercial Enterprise: Addresses merchants, commercial enterprises, trade registry, trade names, unfair competition, commercial books, current accounts, and agency.

• Book Two – Companies: Covers general provisions, partnerships, limited partnerships, joint stock companies, limited liability companies, and partnerships limited by shares.

• Book Three – Negotiable Instruments: Includes general provisions, registered instruments, bearer instruments, negotiable instruments such as bills of exchange, other instruments, warehouse receipts, and warrants.

• Book Four – Transportation: Regulates general provisions on carriage, transportation of goods, transportation of household goods, multimodal transport, passenger transport, and freight forwarding.

• Book Five – Maritime Commerce: Covers vessels, shipowners and ship partnerships, captains, maritime contracts, maritime accidents, limitation of liability, compensation for oil pollution damage, and special provisions on enforcement.

• Book Six – Insurance Law: Sets out general provisions as well as specific rules applicable to different types of insurance contracts.

Our practice in the field of Commercial Law primarily focuses on matters relating to company law and negotiable instruments law, providing clients with comprehensive legal support in these areas.